Diploma in Paralegal Education

at Humber College North Campus Canada

Overview

Humber’s Paralegal Education diploma program explores the theoretical, procedural and advocacy aspects of law that may be handled by a paralegal licensed by the Law Society of Ontario. You will learn specialized practical skills within the areas of advocacy, legal research, specific courts and administrative tribunals. The course of studies includes business, criminal summary convictions, landlord and tenant, employment law, and alternative dispute resolution. Students will develop strong oral advocacy skills by participating in class and in role plays, as well as in presentations and mock trials before their peers and large audiences.

Courses in ethics and the rules of professional conduct, accounting and entrepreneurship prepare you to create and manage your own paralegal practice.

During the program, you will develop strong communication skills particularly in spoken and written English, essential skills for your future career. Students are required to demonstrate competency in small and large group oral presentations including role plays and mock trials in order to graduate.

Our advisory committee ensures that our program is current and meets high industry expectations.

Learning Outcomes:

Upon successful completion of the program, a graduate will:

  • Articulate and adhere to the permitted scope of paralegal practice and the Paralegal Rules of Conduct and complete all work in compliance with the ethical and professional responsibilities of a Paralegal.
  • Manage a paralegal practice and operate a small business, within the Paralegal Rules of Conduct relevant to these matters by effectively utilizing administrative and business management skills.
  • Describe the fundamental elements of the Canadian government and legal system, including the Constitution Act, the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, the organization of the Canadian court system, and the basic principles of property, business and consumer law.
  • Articulate and adhere to the basic principles of tort and contract law.
  • Conduct legal research and write legal memoranda and reports.
  • Adhere to the civil litigation process, within the permitted scope of paralegal practice, and apply procedural and evidentiary rules related to proceedings in the Small Claims Court.
  • Describe the principles of criminal law, and adhere to the rules relating to proceedings under the Criminal Code before a summary conviction court.
  • Describe the principles of the law of provincial offences, and adhere to the rules relating to proceedings under the Provincial Offences Act before the Ontario Court of Justice.
  • Make effective client representation before courts and administrative tribunals within the permitted scope of paralegal practice.
  • Compare and contrast various alternate dispute resolution mechanisms, select an appropriate mechanism as required, and explain to the client the potential consequences of the dispute resolution mechanism.
  • Adhere to the basic principles of administrative law, and of general practice and procedure before administrative tribunals.
  • Articulate and adhere to the principles of employment law, and the practice and procedure related to the administrative tribunals that deal with employment matters.
  • Articulate and adhere to residential landlord and tenant law, and the practice and procedure before the Landlord and Tenant Board.
  • Draft all necessary documents in a clear, concise and accurate manner.
  • Apply basic accounting principles, terminology, and operations to all paralegal obligations related to trust accounts, and the Law Society’s requirements for book and record keeping.
  • Select and use the appropriate computer software necessary to produce correspondence, spreadsheets, memoranda and legal documents.
  • Prepare an employment resume in accordance with professional legal standards.

Work Placement
Students complete a work placement of 120 hours in their last semester of the program. This placement fulfills the Law Society of Ontario requirements and is an opportunity to gain practical on-the-job skills and knowledge. With the support of the field placement advisor, students secure a suitable placement within the paralegal scope of practice that meets their needs and area of interest.

Read More

30

Application Processing Days

Under Graduate

Program Level

Fact & Figures

Full Time On Campus

Study Mode

24

Duration

Humber College North Campus

Location

Diploma in Paralegal Education Assistant Fee

$16414

Tuition Fee

$12000

Average Cost of Living

$75

Application Fee

Diploma in Paralegal Education Admissions Requirements

  • Minimum Level of Education Required: To be accepted into this program, applicants must have Grade 12 / High School Diploma or equivalent including the following required course(s):-
    • Grade 12 English (ENG4C or ENG4U or equivalent)
    • Three Grade 11 or Grade 12 C, M or U courses in addition to those listed above
plane

Get superfast admissions at top Diploma in Paralegal Education institutes in 2024

Benefits of choosing

edmission

Admission’s guaranteed at Top institutes across the world.

Enjoy exclusive application fee waiver’s with Edmissions.

Unlimited FREE Counselling sessions with Edmission’s Experts

Get Tips from industry veterans to crack the IELTS exam in 1 week.

Assistance with scholarships, loans, forex, student accommodation and visa guidance.

Where would you like to study*

Work Permit Canada

Students who wish to work in Canada require a work permit to do so. A student in Canada can work part-time during the course of his studies and full-time during holidays and semester breaks and post the completion of their course/program.

Rules for getting a part-time work visa in Canada

You can also work part-time on campus at your university.

Work Permit

Duration

Your part-time work permit will be valid for as long as you have a valid study permit.

Working Hours

20 Hours/Week

As a full-time student, you can work for a maximum of 20 hours a week. However, you can work full- time during holidays and breaks.

Document Required to Work in Canada

List

To apply for a work permit, you will need a study permit that mentions that you are allowed to work part-time on campus.

Social Insurance Number

Study Permit

You will need a Social Insurance Number (SIN) to Service Canada. if you wish to work in Canada during the course of your studies. To apply for the same, you need a valid study permit, and you should be a full- time student at a recognized university.

You can work part-time off-campus if you are studying in the Quebec province.

Duration of Work Permit Canada

Your part-time work permit will be valid for as long as you have a valid study permit.

Work Hours Canada

As a full-time student, you can work for a maximum of 20 hours a week. However, you can work full- time during holidays and breaks.

Document Required to Work in Canada

To apply for a work permit, you will need a study permit that mentions that you are allowed to work part-time on campus.

Social Insurance Number

You will need a Social Insurance Number (SIN) to Service Canada if you wish to work in Canada during the course of your studies. To apply for the same, you need a valid study permit, and you should be a full- time student at a recognized university.

Working after completing your course

In Canada, you will need a work permit to get a full-time job in Canada after finishing your studies. You chose a work permit like the Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP) if you wish to stay back in Canada and work full-time.

Visit Government of Canada Website for more detail

Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP)

The Post- Graduation Work Permit (PGWP) allows you to work for three years in Canada if you have completed a two years degree or more.

Application

how can i apply

You can either apply online or download the form and mail the application along with the required documents. Pay your fee and then wait for the decision to come.

Application Documents Required

List

To apply for the work visa, you need a degree from a recognized and accredited Canadian University along with an intention to stay and work in Canada only temporarily.

When to Apply?

One can apply for the full-time work permit in the first three months post the completion of their course during which the study permit is still valid.

How long does it take?

90 days

You will have to wait for 90 days for the decision on your work permit.

Duration

3 Years

The work permit is valid for 3 years if you have completed a two years degree program or more.

Fees

CAD 255

The fee for the work permit is CAD 255 plus the holder fee and the work permit processing fee.

Monthly Wages

CAD 1,600

An applicant is guaranteed a minimum salary of CAD 1,600 per month while working in Canada. This amount though varies on the job and the province you are working in.

Work Hours Canada

No Limit

There is no maximum limit, and you can work for as many hours as you want on the full-time work permit.

Required Documents

List

To apply for the work visa, you will need the following documents:

  • Forms: IMM 5710, IMM 5476 and IMM 5475;
  • Graduation Proof
  • Proof of payment of work permit fees
  • Copies of your travel and identification documents, passport pages and current immigration document.

Till a decision is made on your work visa, you can continue to work full time. All you need to have is your completed degree, should have applied for the permit before the expiry of your study permit and you should be allowed to work off-campus.

Information

Disclaimer

The information provided about the work permit is true and complete to the best of our knowledge. All recommendations are made without any guarantee on the part of the author or the publisher. The author and the publisher, therefore, disclaim any liability in connection to and with the use of this information.

Detailed Program and Facts

30

Application Processing Days

Full Time On Campus

Program Intensity

Under Graduate

Program Level

24

Duration

Study Visa

Student Visa For Canada

Any student who wishes to study in Canada requires a student visa. Some of the essential information for the application process is given below.

When Should I Apply?

4 to 6 months

Ideally, one should apply for the study permit at least 4 to 6 months before the commencement of your course/program.

Bank Account

No Need!

There is no need for a blocked bank account to apply for a student visa to Canada.

Duration of visa

Course Duration + 3 Months

The student visa is valid for the entire period of your course plus three months.

Time to Wait for Visa

35 Days

It takes time. It might take up to 35 days post your interview for the application process to complete and for you to finally receive your visa.

Appointment

Required

It varies from applicant to applicant, but one may have to take part in one or two visa appointments, namely a medical examination and a visa interview.

How you can apply

Application Process

An applicant can either apply online or offline by visiting a visa application centre and submitting their documents. After the analysis of your application, you might be called for an interview.

Fee

Visa Fee

The visa application fee for Canada is CAD 150.

Minimum Funds

833 CAD, 917 CAD

You require a minimum monthly amount to be deposited into your account to prove that you can sustain yourself while studying in Canada. If you are studying in Quebec, you need to have a monthly minimum of CAD 917, and if you are studying in a province except for Quebec, you need to have a minimum of CAD 833 per month.

Any other expenses

Required

You will have to pay a medical examination fee and a visa application service fee to the tune of CAD 15 if you visit a visa application centre to apply for your visa.

Medical Examination

Required

One has to undergo a series of medical examinations to be deemed fit for a student visa of Canada. The tests mostly include blood and urine tests, chest x-rays and other organ checkups.

Language Skills

Not Required

one doesn’t need to prove their language skills in applying for a Canadian Visa.

Disclaimer: The information provided about the work permit is true and complete to the best of our knowledge. All recommendations are made without any guarantee on the part of the author or the publisher. The author and the publisher, therefore, disclaim any liability in connection to and with the use of this information.

English Test Requirement

6.0

Minimum Overall Score

80.0

Minimum Overall Score

53.0

Minimum Overall Score

Other Courses by Humber College North Campus,Canada

Humber’s Home Renovation Technician diploma program covers both the technical and business aspects of the home renovation industry. You will study all facets of house construction and basic building systems including building codes. Your courses will provide you with the business skills that you need to succeed in the industry, including management, estimating, finances and communications. Humber’s labs provide plenty of opportunity to gain practical, hands-on experience. The program is offered in an accelerated format, enabling you to enter the workforce sooner by completing the equivalent of four semesters of study in three semesters (in one calendar year).
The home renovation industry is booming with Canadians spending nearly $41 billion a year to repair, remodel and update their homes. You can find employment as an assistant site superintendent, a renovator’s helper, or you can work in a specific sub trade such as drywall, hardwood installation, trim work and more. With a few years of work experience, you could be ready to work in construction management or start your own business.

12 month

Duration

$ 16394

Tuition

In Humber’s Radio and Media Production graduate certificate program, students develop the skills to make entertaining and engaging broadcasts and podcasts. Imagine combining the experience of your degree or diploma with new skills in audio storytelling and broadcasting. Graduates of our program are working in all aspects of radio and podcast production across Canada. Many are instrumental in some of Canada's most popular podcasts, and some have been recognized at the 2019 Canadian Podcasting Awards.
Students get hands-on experience in radio and audio production studio techniques; on-air announcing, newscast performance and sports reporting; hosting live music and public affairs programs; writing stories, shows, commercials and scripts, radio programming and promotions; interviewing techniques and more. They produce exciting audio and visual content including video and podcasts in Humber’s leading-edge production studios.
Students learn about the latest trends and developments in broadcasting and podcasting, and prepare for careers in media production including on-air, on-camera, online and social media.  They create original digital audio content and experience the thrill of having their work distributed by broadcast on the radio, podcast streaming or other means including social media.
Students take intensive classes and workshops with expert faculty where they apply their new skills to studio and broadcast operations.  By second semester, students can choose to perform live in our streaming or broadcast radio stations as a music host, newscaster or announcer. Hands-on training in on-air performance is provided through Humber’s student radio station, on 96.9FM, which is also streamed online and through various listening apps. Alternatively, students can choose to focus on creative studio production techniques and on-air operations.
Work Placement
This program includes a work placement component to give students an opportunity to gain valuable practical experience in their area of interest in the radio and audio production industries. The 160 hour placement is done in the summer semester after two semesters of study and practice. 

12 month

Duration

$ 19997

Tuition

In Humber’s Electromechanical Engineering Technology advanced diploma program, you’ll learn how to support the engineering activities of manufacturers that rely increasingly on automation technology to maintain a competitive edge in the global economy. You will develop skills in industrial automation, robotics, control systems, machining, hydraulics, pneumatics, safety, mechatronics, programmable logic controllers (PLCs), automation welding, machine elements and computer-control methods. You will also learn to decipher mechanical and electrical schematic drawings, and use electrical and mechanical diagnostic tools.

Our program builds upon the solid technical foundation of the Technician program. The Technology graduate is prepared to enter a wider range of careers. The skills first learned in the Technician program are enhanced through project-based learning and increased hands-on practice in the labs.

Complementing your technical education are the effective communications, problem-solving and interpersonal skills that add value to any team. Coursework reflects real-world demands through independent and co-operative study in practical environments including experience with industrial standard equipment. The industry relevant curriculum is taught by faculty at the top of their fields to provide you with the skills and knowledge employers are looking for.

Our advisory committee provides regular review and input of our curriculum ensuring our program is always on the cutting edge of industry developments. The program offers an optional co-op placement.

Optional Co-op
This program offers a co-op option. Co-op work terms enable you to apply your skills and knowledge in a work environment and gain valuable, practical experience related to your program of study. You will learn new skills, learn about the world of work and meet people in your profession.

For students who are accepted into the program, three co-op work terms will take place. The first four-month work term is between Semesters 2 and 3, and then two consecutive four-month work terms between Semesters 4 and 5. There are limited spaces in the co-op option. Therefore, you will apply for the co-op option during Semester 1 and be informed of the process by which to apply. While co-op work opportunities are not guaranteed, as students are in a competitive job placement market, participating students will receive a wide range of services to help them find a co-op opportunity.

36 month

Duration

$ 17608

Tuition

Humber's 3D Modelling and Visual Effects Production certificate program focuses on both the conceptual and the technical, as you learn to master visual techniques to bring ideas to life. You will develop skills in modelling, texturing and lighting, as well as in visual effects, compositing and digital cinematography. We employ a teaching process and course structure that requires content created in one course to be used to complete assignments in other courses. This “pipeline” process mirrors that of industry, allowing students to make a seamless transition into a real production environment.

The program is designed by artists for experienced traditional artists and animators who want to either develop or transition their skill sets for employment in the 3D and visual effects industries. The faculty take their years of industry experience into the classroom, straight from the studio. Their collective experience and passion in the gaming, television and film industries is the driving force that ensures the program meets the current and future needs of the industry.

January intake scheduling: students will benefit from our streamlined flexible schedule, allowing them to work their day jobs while they study for their dream jobs. Our schedule will have students on campus and in classes on evenings and weekends. Students will study in our state-of-the-art labs equipped with Cintiq tablets and the latest tools and software.

The Humber Advantage

  • Program Benefits:
    • Flexibility for industry professionals looking to develop new skills
    • Approved for second career candidates
    • Course curriculum taught and designed by industry professionals
    • Teaching process and course structure follows a “pipelines process,” mirroring the realities of a real-world production environment
  • Our program allows you to:
    • Manage work, family and study in a flexible schedule
    • Work your day job as you learn during evenings and Saturdays
    • Expand your career possibilities by learning new skills
    • Finance your education as you study
    • Bring your ideas to life
  • Skills You'll Develop
    • Modelling
    • Texturing
    • Lighting
    • Visual effects
    • Compositing
    • Digital cinematography

12 month

Duration

$ 11036

Tuition

Humber’s Business – Accounting diploma program provides you with a well-rounded accounting education with training in accounting procedures and theory, taxation, business law, information systems, and management. Supported by our state-of-the-art Accounting Centre, you’ll learn best practices in accounting and become skilled at using industry-standard software including Profile (personal tax), Access, Excel, Quickbooks, SAGE 50 Accounting (formerly known as Simply Accounting) and SAGE Accpac Plus.

You will learn accounting from industry-connected faculty who are committed to providing you with practical, hands-on accounting training to help you get ahead. Our program’s versatile range of courses helps you develop broad-based business skills including human resource administration, business writing, macroeconomics and finance. At any time, you can transfer to the three-year Business Administration – Accounting advanced diploma program, with an optional co-op opportunity.

You may choose to study for four consecutive semesters if you wish to accelerate your path to graduation.

24 month

Duration

$ 16394

Tuition

Design is everywhere - built into the environments we navigate, the financial and social services we access, the technology we use, products we consume, and processes we use to do our jobs. Design is providing innovative solutions to the most pressing and urgent problems in today’s world. There has never been a more exciting or relevant time to be a designer.

A wide variety of subjects will guide you through important conceptual and practical design fundamentals such as design theory and practice, prototyping, and usability testing. Design courses will help you develop visual storytelling and communication skills, ensuring that you are equipped with top-notch graphic and user design skills upon graduation.

Our program is designed to respond to the increasing demand for designers prepared to meet the challenges of the 21st century. Grounded by the unifying principle of human-centeredness, this program focuses on how design thinking can be harnessed for social change, improve daily experiences, and make processes and interfaces more human-focused.

48 month

Duration

$ 19615

Tuition

Humber’s Occupational Therapist Assistant/Physiotherapist Assistant (OTA/PTA) diploma program was the first in Ontario to provide formal educational preparation for occupational therapist assistants (OTAs) and physiotherapist assistants (PTAs) and continues to provide quality education. You will learn to assist in the implementation of rehabilitation treatment plans and programs developed to promote clients’ independence, activities and function. Areas of focus include restoring and maximizing physical function and occupational performance, ultimately enabling clients to effectively utilize their abilities in movement, daily functioning and activity while promoting overall well-being.

Practise your skills and acquire hands-on experience during over 600 hours (16 weeks) of unpaid work placements. These placements are arranged by the program fieldwork placement advisor during Semester 2, Semester 3 and Semester 4. You will have the opportunity to be exposed to leading-edge therapeutic skills, equipment and health-care facilities. This program offers the privilege of participating in clinical placements in occupational therapy and physiotherapy at some of the top teaching hospitals in Canada.

There are many reasons why a person may require occupational therapy and/or physiotherapy rehabilitation services. In addition to health and wellness promotion, individuals may require assistance returning to their activities of daily living and regular work due to falls, motor vehicle accidents,  sports injuries, spinal cord injuries, stroke, mental health conditions and chronic illnesses such as cystic fibrosis and diabetes. If you relish the challenges of creative problem solving and critical thinking; have good physical health; and enjoy meeting people while wishing to work with those who are physically, developmentally, and/or emotionally challenged, a career as an OTA/PTA is for you. You will have the opportunity to work in a variety of environments such as acute care and community hospitals, rehabilitation facilities, long-term care facilities, private practice, and retail.

Work Placement
Practise your skills and acquire hands-on experience during over 500 hours of unpaid work placements. These placements are arranged by the program fieldwork placement advisor during Semester 2, 3 and 4.

You will have the opportunity to be exposed to leading-edge therapeutic skills, equipment and health-care facilities. This program offers the privilege of participating in clinical placements in occupational therapy and physiotherapy at some of the top teaching hospitals in Canada.

24 month

Duration

$ 16414

Tuition

Humber’s Millwright Techniques certificate program is designed to help introduce prospective millwrights to the trade. The program aims to facilitate employment or provide the required components to enter into a millwright apprenticeship program, giving practical experience with trade regulations and practices. You will gain a solid understanding of the various technical theory and elements of the millwright trade. There will be a significant practical component to the program, and you will learn valuable skills by using the latest industry software programs and working in fully equipped up-to-date labs and shops. At Humber, skilled instructors highlight current trends within the industry and strive to duplicate situations that apprentices and skilled tradespeople will see in their everyday working life.
Canada currently faces a critical shortage of skilled workers. Skilled tradespeople will be increasingly in demand because of the rapid pace of technological changes and as current workers in the field begin to retire. According to the Working in Canada Report (Government of Canada), employment opportunities for licensed millwrights will be steady. Graduates of this program will find a range of employment opportunities through millwright apprenticeship programs, as well as positions associated with construction and industry work, metal fabrication, and green energy. There are many opportunities for advancement within this career path from supervisory to management positions.

12 month

Duration

$ 16414

Tuition

Humber’s Building Construction Technician diploma program is one of three stackable programs within the Carpentry-Construction group. Along with the Carpentry and Renovation Techniques certificate and the Construction Engineering Technology advanced diploma, the program introduces students to the carpentry trade, gives practical experience with trade regulations and with best practices. Students will be able to move from this diploma program into the advanced diploma program. Additionally, Humber’s Carpentry and Renovation Technician diploma and Industrial Woodworking Technician diploma offer additional pathways and laddering opportunities.

You will learn worksite health and safety practices in accordance with legislation and regulations; and how to review building plans and complete work in compliance with contractual obligations, codes, applicable laws, bylaws, standards and ethical practices. Coursework will include sustainability practices.

You will learn to produce project sketches and documents in accordance with project specifications, assist in the preparation of estimations and to safely operate tools. You will be well-prepared for all building stages - from site layout and footings to the application of interior and exterior finishes.

Optional Co-op

This program offers a co-op option. A co-op work term enables you to apply your skills and knowledge in a work environment and gain valuable, practical experience related to your program of study. You will learn new skills, learn about the world of work and meet people in your profession.

For students who are accepted into the program, one co-op work term will take place between Semesters 2 and 3. There are limited spaces in the co-op option. Therefore, you will apply for the co-op option during Semester 1 and be informed of the process by which to apply.  While co-op work opportunities are not guaranteed, as students are in a competitive job placement market, participating students will receive a wide range of services to help them find a co-op opportunity.

24 month

Duration

$ 16394

Tuition

Humber’s Journalism graduate certificate program will immerse you in advanced research, writing and interview practices, data mining techniques, and a range of storytelling approaches for work within a multiplatform journalistic or information-gathering environment. You will also have the opportunity to pursue discipline-specific reporting in areas such as science, business, sports and the arts.

Using the latest technologies, the program will focus on training graduates for the field of journalism with an emphasis on digital journalism. Graduates will be able to function in a digital/online environment including social media and data-based journalism. An emphasis will be placed on providing you with opportunities to practise and develop your journalism skills through coverage of live field events.

Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of the program, a graduate will:

  • Select relevant content and credible sources to create complex news reports.
  • Assess socio-political and historical context, platform requirements, and audience needs when producing news reports.
  • Use data gathering, mining and visualization and presentation tools to identify and report stories hidden in big data.
  • Assess industry trends to inform professional journalism decisions and develop implementation strategies.
  • Conceptualize, produce and manage the implementation of multi-platform digital content using a variety of content management systems and industry-related technologies.
  • Manage a project in collaboration with other media professionals as part of a news production process in an integrated, multi-platform digital environment.
  • Comply with and support others to work in accordance with industry, professional, legal and ethical standards of practice.
  • Develop, implement and evaluate strategies for personal, career and professional development to enhance work performance and maintain currency with industry.
  • Establish and maintain strategic relationships with a diversity of stakeholders to achieve business goals and strategic objectives.

Work Placement
You'll gain valuable first-hand experience through a mandatory work placement, usually unpaid, in the final semester of your studies.
Industry partners include but are not limited to CBC (TV News, Radio News, Talk Radio, Online and Podcasts), CTV (News Channel, Toronto Bureau, Ottawa Bureau, CTVNews.ca), CP24, Global TV News, TV Ontario, CityNews, 680 News, Toronto Star, Globe and Mail, Postmedia, The Canadian Press, local and regional newspapers, The Hockey News, TSN, Sportsnet, Maple Leaf Sports and Entertainment, Rogers M-School, Toronto Life Magazine, Entertainment One, Cineflix, ET Canada, etalk, The Social, CityLine and The Marilyn Dennis Show.

12 month

Duration

$ 18048

Tuition

View All Courses by Humber College North Campus, Canada

Top Study Abroad Exams

GRE Exam

The Graduate Record Exam (GRE) is a necessary and popular enteryway exam that learners must pass in order to be acc.. Red More

GMAT Exam

The Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) is a well-know evaluation for being accepted into MBA programs. Per... Read More

SAT Exam

The SAT is a Standardized evaluation that is necessary for enrolling in underaduate cur... Read More

Popular Universities to Study Abroad

Study in Canada
Study in USA
Study in UK
Study in NZ
Study in India
Study in UAE

Explore Colleges and Courses in Canada

Popular States
Popular Cities
Popular Streams

Latest Blog Posts

Trending Blog Posts

edmission

Search, Shortlist, Apply and get accepted! It’s that Simple to pursue your dream to Study abroad with Edmissions. Our team of experts provide you the right guidance that helps you to take admission in your dream college in countries like Canada, the USA, the UK

© 2021-2024 Edmissions - All rights reserved.

TALK TO OUR EXPERTS

whatsapp